Faraón y las Astutas Parteras

Gracias a Lisa Velazquez por traducir este articulo. Puede escucharla a traves de Teshuva.tv los Domingos a las 6pm en el programa radial: Caminando en Obediencia.

Así que, después de publicar El Contexto para Niños episodio #13, donde hablé de la Prueba de Agua atestiguado en varios códigos legales de Asiria y Babilonia, uno de mis parientes me preguntó acerca de las parteras y el primer intento del Faraón de matar a los varones hebreos a través de ellas – así, el engaño de las parteras es una historia divertida una vez que sabes exactamente lo que Faraón creía y cómo las parteras lo utilizaron en su contra. La gente me pregunta por qué yo estudio el antiguo Egipto y esto es un ejemplo de por qué – nunca he visto que se ha enseñado anteriormente, pero para mí tiene perfecto sentido en base a sus creencias religiosas.

Mientras se creía que la diosa Hathor era responsable de la concepción de los niños, dos conocidas deidades menores eran responsables de la protección de la mujer y el bebé durante el parto – Ta-weret y Bes. Yo las llamo las mejores amigas de las parteras.

Tawaret_figurine_(Boston_MFA)

Ta-weret (Crédito de la imagen), era representada como un hipopótamo con cola de cocodrilo, era la encarnación de los dos grandes peligros del Nilo y como el consorte de Bes, fue responsable de ayudar a las mujeres cuando estaban en parto. Ella era conocida como la protectora del niño Horus (esto será importante más adelante).

Egypte_louvre_012Bes (Crédito de la imagen), su consorte, era representado como un enano o pigmeo y fue a propósito que lo hicieron horrible con una mezcla de características tontas con el fin de ahuyentar a los demonios, serpientes, o cualquier otra persona que causara daño a un bebé – y más tarde servía como amigo del niño. Se le consideraba una presencia reconfortante. Elegí esta imagen en particular porque se puede verlo descansando sobre el símbolo “s-z”, lo cual representa protección. Bes también se asocia con la protección del niño Horus.

Así que estos dos, a los ojos de Faraón, eran las deidades responsables de la protección de la madre, el bebé y la bendición del proceso de parto. El faraón que “no conocía a José” dio las parteras hebreas un ultimátum.

Éxodo 1:16: “Cuando ustedes atiendan a las mujeres hebreas y les vean dando a luz,” él dijo, “si es un niño, mátenlo; pero si es una niña, la dejan vivir.”

¡Qué situación tan impensable para esta envuelto! Sin embargo, las valientes parteras se rehusaron a obedecer al Faraón y cuando él lo descubrió, él las llama de nuevo. ¿Cuál es su respuesta y por qué funcionó?

 Éxodo 1:19: Las parteras respondieron a Faraón: “Es porque las mujeres hebreas no son como las mujeres egipcias – ellas están de parto y dan a luz antes de que la patera llegue.”

A los ojos de Faraón, esto pone en duda razonable sobre la justicia de lo que está haciendo – él se enfrenta a la posibilidad de que los dioses no podrían estar de su lado. Ta-weret y Bes posiblemente estaban ayudando a las mujeres durante su parto demasiado rápido para antes de que las parteras aparecieran y mataran a los bebés varones.

Su solución al problema es recurrir a otra prueba – la antigua Prueba del Río que se habla en los códigos de Hammurabi (1750 AEC #2 y 132), Ur-Nammu (2100 AEC #13 y 14), y en la tableta A de la Ley Asiria Media (1076 AEC #17, 22, 24 y 25).

La Prueba Rigurosa del Río, o el Juicio por Agua Fría, se reflejan el concepto de que si se tira a alguien en agua profunda fría y sobrevivía, entonces los dioses lo salvaban, pero si se ahogaban era porque los dioses los mataban. No te rías, ellos pensarían que también sería ridículo, si se les decía que el sol es realmente una reacción nuclear autónoma en lugar de Ra remando su barco solar a través del cielo. Es todo una cuestión de lo que normalmente se aceptaba como un hecho y no estamos con mayor rapidez que renunciar a las cosas ridículas que queremos creer tampoco. (Quiero decir, si, por cada vez que vi una revista decir que Jennifer Aniston había teniendo un bebé, que en realidad tuvo un bebé – ella tendría su propio país en este momento y, sin embargo las personas juran por esas revistas. Siempre se equivocan simplemente pasar a la próxima fabricación con el fin de mantener la venta demás revistas al de estilo “1984” jajaja)

Por lo tanto, vamos a decir que el faraón, quien creía absolutamente en la autoridad de sus dioses, tenía una segunda opinión. Si Bes y Ta-weret estaban ayudando a las hebreas, el río no se llevaría a los bebés. Después de todo, Ta-weret representaba las dos amenazas más temibles del Nilo – el hipopótamo y el cocodrilo. Ella salvó al bebé Horus de Set, así que si ella era responsable entonces él lo descubriría.

Aunque el engaño de las parteras fue un éxito divertido al tapar de lana los ojos del Faraón, los bebés, por supuesto, no sobrevivieron la Prueba del Río – excepto, por supuesto, uno. Moisés sobrevivió. Cuando la hija del faraón lo sacó del río, se habría asemejado a la historia de Horus siendo salvado por Ta-Weret de Set. Ella, y más tarde el Faraón, hubieran visto a este niño como si hubiera sido juzgado inocente por los dioses y bajo la protección específica de Ta-Weret y Bes.

Créditos de imágenes:

“Ta-waret figurine (Boston MFA)” by Madman2001 – Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons –https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tawaret_figurine_(Boston_MFA).jpg#/media/File:Tawaret_figurine_(Boston_MFA).jpg

“Egypte louvre 012”. Licensed under CC BY-SA 1.0 via Commons – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_012.jpg#/media/File:Egypte_louvre_012.jpg

Referencias:

Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor de Martha T Roth

The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt de Richard H Wilkinson,

The Gods of Ancient Egypt de Barbara Watterson

The Ancient God’s Speak de Donald B Redford




Pharaoh and the Crafty Midwives

So, after putting out Context for Kids episode #13 where I talked about the Ordeal by Water attested to in several Assyrian and Babylonian law codes, one of my parents asked me about the midwives and Pharaoh’s first attempt to kill the Hebrew males through them–well, the midwives’ trickery is an amusing tale once you know exactly what Pharaoh believed and how the midwives used it against him. People ask me why I study ancient Egypt and this is an example of why. I have never seen it taught before but to me it just makes perfect sense based on their religious beliefs.

Whereas the goddess Hathor was believed to be responsible for the conception of children, it was two lesser known deities who were responsible for protecting both woman and baby in childbirth–Ta-weret and Bes. I call them the midwife’s best friends.

Tawaret_figurine_(Boston_MFA)

Ta-weret (image credit), depicted as a hippopotamus with a crocodile’s tail, was the embodiment of the two great dangers of the Nile and as the consort of Bes, was responsible for helping women in labor. She was known as the protector of the child Horus (this will be important later). (click on the link above if you want to see a very cool article on the finding of a Bes vessel in an archaeological dig of Persian-era Israel. They were like gargoyles)

Egypte_louvre_012

 

Bes (image credit), her consort, was depicted as a dwarf or pygmy and was purposefully made hideous with an amalgam of silly features for the purpose of scaring away demons, snakes, or anyone else that would harm a baby – and later served as the child’s friend. He was considered a comforting presence. I chose this particular image because you can see him resting on the “s-z” symbol, which represents protection. Bes is also associated with protecting the child Horus.

So these two, in the eyes of Pharaoh, were the deities responsible for the protection of mother and child and the blessing of the birthing process. The Pharaoh who “did not know Joseph” gave the Hebrew midwives an ultimatum.

Ex 1:16 And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

What an unthinkable situation to be in! Yet the brave midwives refused to obey Pharaoh and when he figured it out, he calls them back in. What is their response and why does it work?

Ex 1:19 And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them.

In the eyes of Pharaoh, this casts reasonable doubt on the justice of what he is doing; he is faced with the possibility that the gods might not be on his side. Ta-weret and Bes were quite possibly assisting the women in laboring too quickly for the midwives to show up and kill the male babies.

His solution to the problem is to resort to another test–the ancient River Ordeal spoken of in the codes of Hammurabi (1750 BCE #2 and 132), Ur-Nammu (2100 BCE #13 and 14), and in Middle Assyrian Law tablet A (1076 BCE #17, 22, 24 and 25).

The River Ordeal, or Trial by Cold Water, reflected the concept that if you throw someone into deep water and they survive, then the gods saved them, but if they drowned it was because the gods killed them. Don’t laugh, they would think you were ridiculous too if you told them that the sun is really a self-contained nuclear reaction instead of Amun-Re rowing his solar boat across the sky. It’s all a matter of what is normally accepted as fact and we aren’t any quicker to give up the ridiculous stuff we want to believe either. (I mean, if, for every time I passed a magazine that said Jennifer Aniston was having a baby, she actually had a baby–she would have her own country right now and yet people swear by those magazines. Whenever they are wrong they just move on to the next fabrication in order to keep selling more magazines “1984” style lol)

So, let’s just say that Pharaoh, who absolutely believed in the authority of his gods, got a second opinion. If Bes and Ta-weret were helping the Hebrew women, the river would not take the babies. After all, Ta-weret represented the two most fearsome threats of the Nile – the Hippopotamus and the Crocodile. She saved baby Horus from Set, so if she was responsible then he would find out.

Although the midwives’ trickery was an amusing success in pulling the wool over Pharaoh’s eyes (it would definitely have been in the eyes of Moses’s audience), the exposed babies did not survive the River Ordeal–save one. Moses survived. When Pharaoh’s daughter pulled him out of the river, she would have likened it to the story of Horus being saved by Ta-weret from Seth. She, and later Pharaoh, would have seen this child as having been judged innocent by the gods and under the specific protection of Ta-weret and Bes.

Spanish Version here

Image Credits:

“Tawaret figurine (Boston MFA)” by Madman2001 – Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tawaret_figurine_(Boston_MFA).jpg#/media/File:Tawaret_figurine_(Boston_MFA).jpg

“Egypte louvre 012”. Licensed under CC BY-SA 1.0 via Commons – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_012.jpg#/media/File:Egypte_louvre_012.jpg

References:

Martha T Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor

Richard H Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt

Barbara Watterson, The Gods of Ancient Egypt

Donald B Redford, The Ancient Gods Speak: A Guide to Egyptian Religion




Who would actually say “Jesus is accursed” in Corinth? Was Yahweh *really* the name of a pagan god? Of course not!

Abraxas,_Nordisk_familjebokSomeone sent me a meme, months ago, with a rather serious charge that tied into something that I had previously studied on and since it ties in with an important piece of Corinthian context, I wanted to add it into what I was already planning to teach. Corinth was a hodge-podge of a mess of just the worst problems in Greco-Roman society. I encourage you to check out my previous blogs on the geography, teacher/disciple relationship problems, and lawsuit controversies as well as my teaching on head coverings in Corinthian context.

So, what’s the skinny here? Some Greco-Roman “magical” Abraxus amulets were found with one of the Greek forms of the four letter Hebrew Tetragrammaton (there are actually quite a few since it doesn’t directly translate into Greek sounds) on it. Should this be shocking and is it a magic bullet against “Yahweh?” Of course not – it is simply a logical extension of the Jewish Gnosticism that was practiced by Jews in the first century – even those Jews who accepted Yeshua as Messiah (as well as by converted gentiles). When Jews mixed magic rituals with the true faith, what name would one expect them to use? They certainly wouldn’t make one up – after all, they were performing these rituals as part of their observance of “Judaism” – an exceptionally twisted form, I might add. Magic papyri have been unearthed with many Greek forms of the Tetragrammaton, including (1) “Iaoouee,” “Iaoue,” “Iabe,”; (2) “Iao,” “Iaho,” “Iae”; (3) “Aia”; (4) “Ia.” (Source) Not only are forms of the Tetragrammaton used in these magical Abraxus amulets and papyri, but also the names of the patriarchs as well as archangels – Iao, Eloai, Adonai, Sabaoth, Michael, Gabriel, Uriel, Onoel, Ananoel, Raphael, etc. Jewish forms were not the only ones placed on these amulets, mind you – everyone was fair game, including the Persian, Egyptian and of course Greek deities and none of them were serpentine war chickens either. If Yahweh was actually equated with a serpentine war chicken, then so was the Persian Mithras* (god of truth and justice, cattle, harvest and water), the Greek Venus (goddess of love and sexuality), and the Egyptian gods Thoth (god of knowledge and literacy) and Anubis (embalming god, protector of dead) as well as many others – as you can see, there really wasn’t a common theme in who got put on the amulet.

It’s absolutely no different than what we see in I Corinthians 12:2-3 –

You know that when you were pagans you were led astray to mute idols, however you were led. Therefore I want you to understand that no one speaking in the Spirit of God ever says “Jesus is accursed!” and no one can say “Jesus is Lord” except in the Holy Spirit.

where we see a situation where the Name of Messiah is being spoken in conjunction with curses, as well as with pagan practices. It sounds strange because it seems as though Paul is stating that it is impossible for someone who is not saved and filled with the Holy Spirit to say that Yeshua is Lord – but we all know that isn’t true! What’s impossible, is for someone to perform quite another act with the blessings and authority of the Holy Spirit.

Bruce W Winter suggests (based on LXX scholarship into language usage throughout the Deuteronomy curses pg 175) that the phrase is not “curse Jesus (Yeshua)” but instead “Jesus curse!” In fact, in Corinth alone, 27 curse tablets have been unearthed – calling on the pronunciation of a deity’s name in order to induce them to curse (or counter-curse) one’s enemies. This was an ancient practice among pagans and becoming believers evidently did little (if anything) to change this belief.

Here is an example of this thought process in action from a Coptic Christian curse tablet (and it sounds frightening in the way it presumptuously orders God around):

“Any person, every one, who adjures bad things upon me and every one who calls my name evil, and those who curse me… God WILL perform MY judgment against them all… You SHALL bring all of them down… The cherubim, the seraphim, the ten thousand angels and archangels SHALL appeal to the God of Heaven and Earth and He SHALL perform MY judgment against everyone who opposes me. Anyone who curses me, You MUST bring down and abandon him to demons. Yes true, beloved savior.”

Dang. #gotagrudge?

I ask you, how can someone call Yeshua Lord and then boss Him around demanding that He curse their enemies? That isn’t the Holy Spirit they are calling on to enact those curses, no sirree bob. That being said, I once had a social media contact who bragged about cursing her grandma to death in Yeshua’s Name (she was a Pentecostal who was claiming to keep Torah but evidently forgot all the parts in there about loving folks and honoring parents). Couldn’t hit that block button fast enough.

Not only do papyri contain these curses, but so do graves (kept grave robbers at bay… mostly). Cursing was a huge part of the ancient world of magic, it was very much cultural and accepted. As with anything, just because divine names were co-opted by pagans – well, it doesn’t make the Name itself pagan – if anything, it lends legitimacy to that Name. Why would Jews NOT use the Name of God in their gnostic magic rituals if they indeed believed that was the Name of power? Why would early Christians not use the name of Yeshua in curse tablets if they held a belief in the power of that Name? Like everything, it all ties into what things meant to them and of course, in magic rituals it was 100% about pronunciation and ritual. To perform a curse, one needed a tablet with the formula, and to perform magic rituals, one would want an amulet. In pagan magic rituals, pronunciation = power = authority. You would go with the real thing, or you’d go home.

yehwehNow as for the specific charges listed on this meme (which I edited to remove the name of the ministry who made it – I do not attack ministries so please do not do so in the comments) –

Is the anguiped (abraxas) is a chicken-snake war god – the answer is absolutely not. I can’t find a shred of real evidence anywhere. This is the big problem with simply looking at an amulet, or anything ‘pagan,’ and making assumptions. Yes, the Greek Tetragrammaton is on a pagan amulet, but so are many other names in the same exact format – it is only if we ignore that, that we can even begin to equate Iao with a chicken god – I hope you get that we actually have to ignore the overwhelming cultural and visual evidence (which I will get to in a bit here) in order to argue this point. Context sorts out the bad information from the good. In the same way, a little bit of medical knowledge can lead us to think we are dying, but in the larger context, we realize that our bodies are sometimes actually operating within normal parameters.

Iaoue wasn’t some late date Gnostic construct that was created by Gnostics to describe anything – it was simply a reflection of their recognition of a Name of power – and yes, people that wrote Gnostic documents used those names. Of course, they would!

On the surface, we might see a serpentine war chicken – but what did the ancient Corinthians see? They saw a representation of powers through symbolism. A rooster’s head meant something to them – namely vigilance (crowing) and foresight (they stand taller than other birds and discern morning before there is any light in the sky – unfortunately). The flail is seen commonly in antiquity as the symbol of power and authority. The shield is not a weapon of war but of protection, defense, and wisdom. Serpents are routinely associated with knowledge, cleverness, and guile – but this is not a serpentine war chicken, this is a man with the head of a cock, carrying the flail of divine authority, the shield of wisdom – and from the waist down he has some pretty messed up snake legs. This all meant something specific to them – it was the Greco-Roman way to be figurative in their displays of divinity, not necessarily accurate. Gnosticism was about esoteric knowledge, and the abraxas motifs fit right in. Hellenism was about promoting concepts, and as it was focused on wisdom and perfection it was as infectious as the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil.

As for the name of that thing – Abraxas? Scholars admit that all they have are guesses as to what it actually means.

As with anything, we need to be deeply familiar with the things that we teach others. Nowhere do we see this more clearly than with those who ‘teach’ about ancient paganism without intensive studying – how things appear to us are generally 180 degrees off from what it really was to them. I liken it to a person with some aches going onto the internet and learning that they are dying, only to go to the ER and find out that they were simply a bit dehydrated. A little bit of knowledge is the devil’s playground – so if we really want to understand, we need to do the hard research – which generally takes a lot of time, dedication, a willingness to accept that people have not always thought the thoughts that we think now, and in my experience, it takes money as well because the real experts generally don’t give their knowledge away for free (and the book publishers wouldn’t allow them to anyway).

Be sure to check out the related posts about the words Lord, Lord and God, Christ, IHS, and Amen.

*Note: this is Persian Mithras – for an interesting scholarly article on the Roman Mithras by Roger Beck, Professor Emeritus, U. Toronto, a recognized scholar in Mithraism, click here and he is the author of The Religion of the Mithras Cult in the Roman Empire which I have been perusing through. His writings explore the evidence that we actually have in existence of both Persian and Roman Mithras (sadly very little except iconography and inscriptions, no written records of beliefs – that’s the problem with mystery religions, they purposefully kept them mysterious, go figure, they weren’t very accommodating to future historians) and the difficulties of saying exactly what they believed or what they did in spite of the legends that have popped up




Practical Dream Interpretation Pt 3: Dreams that show us that it’s time for a major change

Still editing  the book (halfway through the final edit) and so I am publishing from my emergency reserve – the blogs that come from weeks when I write three but only want to publish one or two.

dreams2My son Matthew came to me with this dream yesterday morning and I was thrilled because it’s just a classic, straightforward communication from the Spirit (indeed, personal correction is, I find, the most common communication from the Spirit). I immediately knew what it meant and was able to relay that to him.

Why? Because I’ve had the same sort of dream many times and it always leads to something amazing. This is the sort of dream where, if we respond correctly, our lives will take a new and positive direction.

In the dream, Matthew walked into his bathroom and closed the door. It was dark but when he flipped on the light nothing happened. He tried everything he could but to no avail – he was totally in the dark.

I know, you’re either saying, “Big deal,” or you’re jumping up and down because you’ve had the same dream or something similar. It’s one of the most common types of dreams, as well as one of the best.

In dreams, bathrooms will often show us our spiritual state. The filthier the bathroom, the more work that needs to be done. Sometimes the bathroom will be filled with other people’s messes – which can either mean that we are inappropriately cleaning up after someone or that there are places of wounding in our lives, damages caused by someone else, that need to get cleaned up. In this case, Matthew didn’t notice anything about the bathroom so the cleanliness was not an important element.

Bathrooms, as I intimated above, are the places where we get cleaned up – but what happens when we are in the dark? Simply put, it means that there is something that needs to be taken care of but that we can’t see it ourselves no matter how hard we try. This is a special revelation from God that He is going to have to step in and reveal something that we generally don’t want to know about ourselves. We all have these sorts of disconnects in our lives where we think we are hot stuff and we end up being kind of a hot mess instead.

The advice I gave Matthew is this – pray for that revelation no matter how much it hurts or how embarassing it might be. Being given the gift of seeing a truth about himself so young is an opportunity I never had. I was twenty nine before I started having such dreams, and he is being blessed at fourteen. I also told him that when he finds out what the character flaw is, to not ignore it or turn his back on it – God only shows us things about ourselves when we are mature enough to get it dealt with and at the moment when He is most willing to work with us on it. Unlike people, who don’t wait for the most opportune time but generally spring as soon as they are irritated enough, God patiently waits until the perfect opportunity.

Matthew prayed the prayer and last night he had another dream which gave him another piece of the puzzle, encouraging him to pray again for the full understanding of what in his life needs cleaned up.

You know, God loves it when we respond to His promptings and even though it is painful when we are being shown our faults, Matthew is really encouraged by the fact that the Spirit really is communicating with him. He has always wanted this to happen, and now he is learning the benefits as well as the price of hearing from God. He’s discovering that the Spirit is a whole lot more about correcting us than showing us cool stuff.

I will add that I had one of these very dreams just last night, but in the middle of it I realized I was dreaming. There was a person there that I could actually talk to and so I said, “Please, tell me what’s wrong with me, whatever it is, I don’t care. I am willing to do anything to fix this.” I don’t remember what he told me, although I listened intently in the dream, but upon awaking  i had a deeper understanding of why I do certain things and why that needs to change. Painful, but good. The bathroom in my dream was spotless – in fact it was a house full of practically spotless bathrooms, I was the one who needed cleaned up on the outside. It’s a good thing to know, in this life, what can be fixed while there is still time to do so.




To Tithe or Not to Tithe: Are We Encroaching Upon a Divine Mandate?

So, I’m in the process of updating and expanding The Bridge. I overhauled this chapter and wanted to give you a preview. I am on the third edit – this is the run through where I read everything out loud and check my notorious predilection for using the wrong verb tense.

 

tithe

This is actually a funny question – because tithing is “Old Testament Law” and cannot be justified outside of it.  Yet the tithe is preached as an ultimatum even when the rest of the law is denigrated.  In the New Testament, we often see freewill offerings given to the apostles and the poor, and Paul strenuously reminding people to give for the sake of the ministry work.  The tithe itself is mentioned by Yeshua (Jesus) as being good,[1] so let’s look at it in context.

The tithe served a specific function in ancient Israel.  The Levites were not allotted an inheritance like the rest of the Tribes, with private land and the opportunities that afforded.  They had their own cities and pastures, but their primary purpose in life was serving YHVH and the Nation.  During the forty years in the wilderness, specific groups were responsible for carrying certain parts of the Tabernacle as the Nation travelled from place to place, and the sons of Aaron served in the Tabernacle and later the Temple itself as priests.

As such, it was the responsibility of the Nation to support them with their tithes, in the form of the first fruits of their harvest.  In this way, they never suffered lack – as long as the people obeyed the commandment.

Numbers 18:21-24: “And to the sons of Levi, behold, I have given all the tithe in Israel for an inheritance, in return for their service which they perform, the service of the tent of meeting. And the sons of Israel shall not come near the tent of meeting again, lest they bear sin and die. Only the Levites shall perform the service of the tent of meeting, and they shall bear their iniquity; it shall be a perpetual statute throughout your generations, and among the sons of Israel they shall have no inheritance. For the tithe of the sons of Israel, which they offer as an offering to the Lord, I have given to the Levites for an inheritance; therefore I have said concerning them, ‘They shall have no inheritance among the sons of Israel.'” 

The tithe was actually given as a part of the Royal Grant Covenant to the sons of Levi as a perpetual ordinance, just as the priesthood was given specifically to the sons of Aaron by that same royal grant. Remember that covenants never go away – the tithe was designated as a perpetual gift to a certain genetic line for their service to God. Levites were not given the same land gifts, and so in recognition of that, they had a right to be fed off the bounty of that Land by the rest of Israel. The tithe was not monetary, but instead the produce because the produce of the land of Israel was from the Hand of God Himself and every Israelite had the right to eat of it. That way everyone benefited from the “good Land.”

We have no right to say that what was specifically designated for one group now belongs to another when YHVH said that it was a perpetual statute for the Levites, but that is what modern pastors have done. Even some ministers who have moved to pursuing Torah now say that they are doing the work of the Levites.  But they are often not doing the work and are certainly not living the life of the Levites, whose duties are clearly spelled out and generally they are not even genetically Levites.  This is what is called “Replacement Theology” — taking what belongs to one group and transferring it to another without a “Thus saith the Lord.”  It is nothing short of an encroachment upon God’s sovereign and exclusive right to give gifts to whomever He chooses and to set apart certain groups of people to certain eternal duties. The tithe served the purpose of taking care of the tribe that had no inheritance in the land, and therefore no ability to gather land or accumulate wealth; it was also used to feed the poor, widows and orphans, and to provide food for the individual celebration of the feasts.

There were several aspects to the tithe – the first tithe (tenth) was especially holy and was given to the Levites; it could only come from the produce of the Land. The second tithe was taken to Jerusalem to be eaten in the presence of God[2] during the first, second, fourth and fifth years of every seven year cycle and again, could only be the produce of the Land. The tithe of the third and sixth years went instead to feed the poor.[3] During the seventh year, there was no tithe as the Land was supposed to be given its rest. If a person lived far enough away and did not wish to transport their tithe, they had the option to redeem the produce for money locally and bring the money to Jerusalem in order to buy more feast materials there[4] – but that which was consumed within Jerusalem during the Feast was to be produce from the Land – it had to be holy. If a person wished to keep the first tithe, he had to add a fifth of its value and present the money it was worth to the Levites so that they, in turn, could buy the produce of the Land and eat from it.[5] Tithed animals, however, could not be redeemed.[6]

I am not against giving, but when someone tells you to tithe to them, ask them if they are a Levite, or if they are even biblically eligible to perform the Levitical functions spelled out in scripture.  Support those teaching you, by all means, and support the poor, the widows and the orphans (who were also to be the recipients of the tithe[7]).  But do not think that supporting pastors on salary and building larger buildings is the same thing as fulfilling the Levitical tithe commandment.  The tithe is specifically designated by YHVH, for YHVH’s purposes, from YHVH’s Land of Israel, and we don’t have the right to change what He said. We absolutely need to support our teachers and I can tell you that when I give I am blessed exceedingly abundantly – I honor God by honoring those who He has given to teach me. I guess you could say that I refuse to take spiritual food from their table if I am not putting actual food on their table.

Like many Torah issues, this is subject to debate within the Body and there is nothing wrong with a healthy and respectful debate. The bottom line is this – regardless of whether or not the tithe is in practical effect in modern times, the truth is that when we bless and honor the people who teach and minister to us, we are blessing and honoring our King who sent them out.  When we take financial care of the poor, the widows and the orphans, we are showing the heart of our Father.

I highly encourage anyone wanting to learn more about the Royal Grant Covenant to check out Rico Cortes’ covenant studies at www.wisdomintorah.com

[1] Matt 23:23

[2] Deut 12:17-18; 14:22-23

[3] Deut 14:28-29

[4] Deut 14:24-26

[5] Lev 27:31

[6] Lev 27:33

[7] Deut 26:12